Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire, 93B.10 (2025), 12 pp.

Alexander E. Black, Niklas Lütjeharms and Raman Sanyal

From Linear Programming to Colliding Particles

Abstract. Although simplices may appear trivial in the context of linear optimization, the simplex algorithm, guided by a pivot rule, can exhibit remarkably intricate dynamics on them when solving linear programs. In this paper we study the behavior of max-slope pivot rules on (products of) simplices and describe the associated pivot rule polytopes. For simplices, the pivot rule polytopes are combinatorially isomorphic to associahedra. To prove this correspondence, we interpret max-slope pivot rules in terms of the combinatorics of colliding particles on a line. For prisms over simplices, we recover Stasheff's multiplihedra. For products of two simplices we get new realizations of constrainahedra, that capture the combinatorics of certain particle systems in the plane.


Received: November 15, 2024. Accepted: February 15, 2025. Final version: April 1, 2025.

The following versions are available: